ISO9001 System Document Package (36) | Final Product Inspection Work Instruction

Document Description: This work instruction is a supporting document for the "Product Release Control Procedure" (Document 21 of the package) and the "Production Process Control Procedure" (Document 17 of the package). It is a third-level document of the quality management system (QMS) and is used to implement the requirements of ISO 9001:2015, Section 8.6 "Release of products and services" and Section 9.1.1 "Monitoring, measurement, analysis, and evaluation of customer satisfaction" regarding "verifying that product requirements have been met according to planned arrangements." The second-level procedure documents address "who approves the release of products and what prerequisites are needed for release," while this work instruction answers "what to check before finished products are warehoused, what to check before shipment, what sampling plan to use, how to handle nonconforming products, how many samples to retain and for how long, and who has the authority to sign off on release." It is applicable to all manufacturing enterprises that deliver physical products; for software and service products, the functional verification in Section 4.5 and the release signing in Section 4.6 still apply, and the dimensional and appearance items can be tailored to delivery completeness checks. This document can be directly published and used as a third-level document by enterprises, with the organization name, product name, inspection items, sampling level, and AQL value replaced by actual values.

1. Purpose

To standardize the final product inspection (FQC) and outgoing quality control (OQC) activities of our company, clarify the inspection items and basis, sampling plans and criteria, inspection status labeling, release signing authority, nonconforming product handling procedures, sample retention, and data management requirements. This ensures that only products that have passed inspection and been authorized for release can be warehoused and delivered, preventing nonconforming products from reaching customers. This work instruction is specifically formulated for this purpose.

2. Scope of Application

2.1 This work instruction applies to all final inspection and outgoing inspection activities for completed products awaiting warehousing or delivery, covering in-house products, outsourced processed products, reworked and repaired products, and products that have exceeded the storage period and require re-inspection.

2.2 This work instruction covers the following stages: inspection preparation and basis confirmation, determination of inspection items and methods, selection and implementation of sampling plans, appearance and packaging label inspection, dimensional and functional performance inspection, judgment and status labeling, product release signing, nonconforming product handling, sample retention management, special situation handling, and record and data management.

2.3 The handling principles for the following scenarios:

• If the customer contract or industry standards specify acceptance rules (such as sampling levels, AQL values, and designated inspection items), the customer's requirements shall be followed, and this work instruction shall serve as a supplement.
• For 100% inspected products (safety components, legally mandated full inspections): sampling plans are not applicable; each item must be fully inspected and recorded.
• For exempted inspection products: a written approval by the quality manager and a "List of Exempted Inspection Products" must be formed, specifying the exemption conditions, verification methods, and failure conditions. Exemption does not mean no verification.
• For one-time custom or single-piece production: each item must be verified according to the technical agreement in the contract and evidence retained; batch sampling may not be required.

2.4 This work instruction does not replace product standards, drawings, technical agreements, or customer acceptance specifications. If the requirements of the above documents are stricter than those in this document, the stricter requirements shall be followed.

3. Responsibilities

3.1 Quality Department (FQC/OQC Team): Responsible for implementing final product inspection and outgoing inspection, executing sampling plans, making judgments and labeling inspection statuses, filling out and archiving inspection records, managing sample retention, and calculating the first-time pass rate of finished products and the batch pass rate of outgoing products. Responsible for the final confirmation of the conformity of products to be released and issuing the "Nonconforming Product Disposal Form" and "Abnormal Shipment Notification Form."

3.2 Production Department: Responsible for organizing the completion and reporting of finished products for inspection, preparing the inspection items and accompanying documents, implementing the rework and repair of nonconforming products, and verifying the batch identification and quantity.

3.3 Technical Department/Process Department: Responsible for providing the drawings, technical conditions, inspection specifications, and sampling lists for final product inspection. Responsible for confirming and resolving disputes over functional and performance inspection methods and providing technical disposal recommendations for nonconforming products.

3.4 Warehousing Department: Responsible for verifying the batch number and quantity of finished products upon warehousing, storing products according to their inspection status, implementing the first-in-first-out (FIFO) principle, and regularly checking the storage period and protective conditions of products, requesting re-inspection when necessary.

3.5 Sales Department/Customer Interface: Responsible for communicating customer acceptance requirements and special packaging and labeling regulations, and confirming the customer's opinion in emergency shipment applications (including written authorization).

3.6 Management Representative/Quality Manager: Responsible for approving the release criteria for finished products, the list of exempted inspections, the conclusions of concessions and downgrades, and the decisions and customer notifications for major nonconforming products.

3.7 Internal Auditor/Audit Interface: Responsible for verifying the authenticity, completeness, and traceability of finished product inspection records and whether the release signing authority complies with the document requirements.

4. Work Procedures

4.1 Inspection Preparation

4.1.1 The Quality Department should compile the "Final Product Inspection Specification" (FQC Specification) for each product series, which should include at least: product name and model, applicable standards and technical agreement numbers, inspection items (appearance, dimensions, function, performance, packaging, labeling, accessories, and documentation), specification requirements for each inspection item, inspection methods (including referenced standards), equipment and measuring tools used, sampling plans (batch range, sample size, AQL value or full inspection), judgment criteria, nonconforming product classification (critical/severe/minor), and record form numbers. The inspection specification should be reviewed, published, and revised concurrently with the product technical documents.

4.1.2 Before conducting inspections, the inspector should confirm: the inspection specification and drawings are the current valid versions and consistent with the versions used in production; measuring tools and testing equipment are within their calibration or verification validity period and in good condition; the inspection environment (illumination, temperature, humidity, cleanliness, and anti-static conditions) meets the specification requirements; the inspection fixtures and test software versions are consistent with the specifications; and any issues from the previous batch have been resolved.

4.1.3 Inspectors should be trained and qualified for their positions; for projects involving electrical safety, non-destructive testing, microbial limits, pressure testing, and software function verification, they must hold valid qualification certificates or be specially authorized.

4.1.4 When submitting for inspection, the Production Department should provide: the inspection submission form, the "Process Flow Card" or completion certificate, necessary self-inspection records, and parameter records. Batches lacking accompanying documents can be rejected by the inspector, and the rejection should be recorded on the inspection submission form.

4.2 Determination of Inspection Items and Methods

4.2.1 Final product inspection items should be comprehensively set according to the following dimensions and should not be limited to appearance only:

• Appearance and Structure: color, gloss, burrs, scratches, stains, deformation, assembly gaps, weld quality, and coating quality.
• Dimensions and Fit: measurement of critical/important dimensions, verification of assembly interchangeability, and comparison with sample or standard parts.
• Function and Performance: power-on, operation, action testing, sealing/pressure resistance, insulation and grounding, load or life testing, software function and version verification.
• Packaging and Labeling: completeness of packaging, presence of cushioning and protective materials, reliability of sealing and bundling, consistency of唛head and box labels, stacking and moisture-proof labels, and transport warning labels.
• Quantity and Accessories: verification of the quantity of main components, accessories, tools, and spare parts.

4.2.2 Inspection methods should be determined based on the nature of the items: appearance and labeling inspections are primarily visual with the aid of measuring tools; dimensional inspections are primarily conducted using measuring tools; functional and performance inspections are primarily conducted using bench tests, power-on tests, and simulated operating conditions; destructive tests (tensile, salt spray, life, sterilization) are executed according to sampling or periodic testing, and the samples should be handled separately and not returned to the batch.

4.2.3 Projects corresponding to key characteristics (safety, regulations, customer critical requirements) should be 100% inspected or executed according to approved sampling plans plus process assurance. The execution method must be clearly stated in the "Final Product Inspection Specification" and cannot be decided on-site by the inspector.

4.3 Sampling Plans and Judgment Criteria

4.3.1 Sampling for count-type items should be conducted according to GB/T 2828.1 (equivalent to ISO 2859-1). The company should solidify the "batch range—sample size—acceptance number" table in the inspection specification, with typical settings as follows (companies can adjust based on product risk, but the strictness for critical defects must not be reduced):

4.3.2 Critical defects (those that endanger personal safety, violate regulations, or cause customer key functions to fail) do not apply to relaxed inspection principles: the acceptance number is 0, meaning that if any are found in the sample, the entire batch is deemed nonconforming, and a stricter inspection and traceability must be initiated.

4.3.3 For measurement-type items (dimensions and performance that can be measured with continuous data), GB/T 6378 (measurement sampling) or the company's specified sample size should be used to determine the mean and range. For critical dimensions, it is recommended to measure each batch and calculate the process capability index as evidence of process stability.

4.3.4 Sampling must be random: samples should be drawn from different packaging boxes, different layers, and different production times within the batch. For already packaged products, the packaging should be unpacked for sampling and then resealed. Sampling only from the "best-looking positions" or only from self-inspected qualified samples is considered invalid.

4.3.5 Batch judgment rules:

• If the number of nonconforming items in the sample is less than or equal to the acceptance number (Ac) → the batch is deemed conforming and accepted.
• If the number of nonconforming items is greater than or equal to the rejection number (Re) → the batch is deemed nonconforming and the entire batch is returned for handling.
• After a batch is deemed nonconforming, the conclusion cannot be overturned by "sampling again to see." If a recheck is indeed necessary, it must be authorized in writing by the quality manager, and the reasons and sample details must be recorded.

4.3.6 Transfer rules for consecutive batches: if 5 consecutive batches are conforming, they can be transferred to relaxed inspection; if 1 batch is nonconforming, normal inspection resumes; if 2 consecutive batches are nonconforming, stricter inspection is initiated, and root cause analysis and corrective actions are required. Transfer actions must be recorded in the inspection ledger.

4.4 Appearance, Packaging, and Labeling Inspection

4.4.1 Appearance inspection should be conducted under specified illumination, and if necessary, compared with sealed samples. Judgments on color and gloss should be based on customer-confirmed color boards or limit samples, not personal impressions.

4.4.2 Limit samples (boundary samples) should be jointly confirmed, numbered, and labeled with an expiration date by the Technical Department and the Quality Department, and managed by a designated person. If the limit sample exceeds its validity period or the product design changes, the original limit sample is invalidated and must be reconfirmed.

4.4.3 Packaging inspection content includes: the integrity of inner and outer packaging, the presence of cushioning materials, the reliability of sealing and bundling, the consistency of唛head and box labels, stacking and moisture-proof labels, and transport warning labels.

4.4.4 Labeling inspection content includes: the consistency of product nameplates and labels with the order/technical agreement, traceability of batch numbers, readability of barcodes or QR codes and their consistency with system data, completeness of accompanying certificates and manuals, and correct version numbers.

4.4.5 For export or customer-specified packaging products, each item should be verified according to the customer's packaging specifications. If the packaging specifications change, the remaining old packaging materials must be approved by the quality manager before use, and a usage deadline must be set.

4.5 Function and Performance Inspection

4.5.1 Function inspection should be conducted under the specified test conditions (voltage, air pressure, medium, environmental temperature and humidity, speed or load) as outlined in the inspection specification. Both the test conditions and actual measurement values should be recorded; simply recording "function normal" is not acceptable.

4.5.2 Safety-related items (insulation resistance, pressure resistance, grounding continuity, leakage current, protection level) must be tested on each unit or according to the specified sampling plan, with actual measurement values recorded and traceable. Testing equipment should have a self-calibration loop or be verified daily with standard pieces.

4.5.3 Performance tests (flow, power, precision, sealing, life) should be conducted according to their cycles. Samples for life and durability tests should be labeled separately and handled as scrap or for special use after testing, not mixed with regular batches.

4.5.4 For software and firmware products, the version number and release records should be verified, and key function paths and abnormal input responses should be tested. For software involving safety functions, the safe state in the event of a failure should be verified.

4.5.5 If functional abnormalities are discovered during inspection, the inspector should stop the machine, isolate the product, and expand the sample size (usually double the original sample size or at least 10 units) to define the scope of the issue and prevent a single nonconforming unit from masking systematic defects.

4.6 Judgment, Labeling, and Release

4.6.1 Final product inspection conclusions should use three status labels: green "Inspection Passed/Release Approved", yellow "Pending Inspection/Pending Judgment", red "Nonconforming/Isolated". The label format can be a tag, color card, area division, or system status field.

4.6.2 Batches that pass inspection should be signed off by the inspector in the "Final Product Inspection Record" and approved by the quality manager or their authorized person in the "Product Release Form" before warehousing or shipment. Batches not signed off by the quality department cannot be warehoused, and the sales department cannot ship them.

4.6.3 Signing authority should be clearly defined in a written authorization letter. Any changes or delegations of authorized persons must be recorded. Inspectors cannot simultaneously serve as release approvers (for key characteristic products) or self-approve their own inspected batches.

4.6.4 Pre-release conditions to be confirmed: all specified inspection items for the batch have been completed and passed; all accompanying documents and records are complete; nonconforming items have been closed or approved for concession; and any special customer requirements (submission of inspection reports, third-party testing, first article approval) have been met.

4.6.5 If the customer requires an inspection report or quality certificate for each batch, the Quality Department should issue and verify the content before shipment. The batch number, quantity, items, and conclusions in the report must match the physical product and records.

4.7 Handling of Nonconforming Finished Products

4.7.1 Batches deemed nonconforming should immediately be labeled with a red tag and moved to the nonconforming product area. The Quality Department should issue a "Nonconforming Product Disposal Form," recording the discovery time, batch, quantity, defect description and classification, and impact scope.

4.7.2 Disposal methods include: rework, repair, sorting (limited to items that do not affect product performance and reliability and are not prohibited by the customer), concession, downgrade, and scrap. Concessions must be reviewed technically, agreed upon by the customer (if the customer has specific requirements), and approved by the quality manager, with a concession label and expiration date applied to the product.

4.7.3 Products that have been reworked or repaired must be resubmitted for final product inspection, with no fewer inspection items than the original. The number of reworks should be noted in the records. If a product is reworked more than twice, the Technical Department must assess its remaining life and reliability.

4.7.4 Sorted batches should be separately labeled and recorded. The costs associated with sorting (labor hours, quantity loss) should be included in the quality cost statistics and trigger root cause analysis.

4.7.5 For systematic or recurring nonconformities, a corrective action form should be issued according to the "Nonconforming Product and Corrective Action Procedure" (Document 27 of the package), specifying the root cause analysis, responsible department, measures, and completion date. The process should be tracked and verified until closure. If the nonconformity involves delivered products, the "Identification and Traceability Control Procedure" (Document 18 of the package) should be used to define the traceability scope and assess whether customer notification or recall is necessary.

4.8 Sample Retention Management

4.8.1 Sample retention should be conducted in the following scenarios: products that the customer requires to be retained, the first batch and small batch trials of new products, products with key characteristics or safety characteristics, and batches that have experienced quality disputes or complaints.

4.8.2 The number of samples retained is generally determined by the amount needed for destructive testing plus verification (at least 3 units or as specified by the customer). Samples should be labeled with the product name, model, batch number, retention date, person responsible for retention, and storage period.

4.8.3 The storage period for samples is generally no less than the product's shelf life or the customer-specified period, and for products without a shelf life, it is recommended to retain them for at least 2 years. For safety and regulatory products, the storage period should be extended according to legal requirements.

4.8.4 The storage environment for samples should meet the product protection requirements, avoiding moisture, deformation, rust, and light aging. When the retention period expires, the Quality Department should propose and record the disposal after approval.

4.9 Handling of Special Scenarios

4.9.1 Emergency Shipment: If the customer requests early shipment before inspection is completed, the Sales Department must submit a written application, obtain written customer agreement, and get approval from the quality manager, specifying the "completion deadline for missing inspections." If the missing inspections are not completed and the batch is found nonconforming, the customer must be notified immediately, and traceability initiated.

4.9.2 Re-inspection of Overdue Inventory: If finished products have been in inventory for more than the specified period (recommended 6 months, or the shelf life for products with a shelf life), they must be re-inspected for function and appearance before shipment, and re-packaged if necessary. Nonconforming batches should be handled according to Section 4.7.

4.9.3 Inspection of Outsourced Processed Products: Upon return to the factory, these products must be inspected according to this work instruction and not released based solely on the supplier's certificate of conformity. The supplier's inspection report should be archived as a reference.

4.9.4 Returned and Repaired Products: These should be treated as new inspections, labeled with "repaired," and each unit's original fault identified and recorded. Only after passing inspection can they be re-shipped.

4.9.5 Samples and Prototypes: Products marked as "samples" by the Technical Department must not be delivered as formal products. If delivery is required, it must be confirmed by the customer and labeled separately.

4.10 Record and Data Management

4.10.1 Records for final product inspection and outgoing inspection include: "Final Product Inspection Record," "Outgoing Inspection Record," "Product Release Form," "Nonconforming Product Disposal Form," "Sample Retention Ledger," "Inspection Report/Quality Certificate," "Inspection Status Labeling Record," and "Emergency Shipment Authorization Form."

4.10.2 Records should be filled out in real-time at the inspection site, with clear handwriting, no use of pencils, and no alterations. If corrections are needed, a single line should be drawn through the error, the correct value written, and the date and signature noted, without covering the original text. Actual measurement values should be recorded, not just "conforming."

4.10.3 Inspection records should be retained for no less than the product's life cycle or the period required by the customer and regulations, generally for no less than 3 years. For records involving safety and regulatory compliance, the retention period should be no less than 5 years after the product is discontinued or as required by regulations.

4.10.4 The Quality Department should monthly calculate the first-time pass rate of finished products, the batch pass rate of outgoing products, the nonconforming rate by defect category, the rework rate, and the sample retention usage, forming a quality monthly report as input for management review and continuous improvement. If indicators decline for three consecutive months, a special analysis should be triggered.

4.11 Process (Textual Flowchart)

Product Completion → Production Department Submits for Inspection (Complete Accompanying Documents)
        ↓
Inspection Preparation (Current and Valid Specifications/Drawings, Measuring Tools within Validity, Personnel Qualifications Valid)
        ↓
Sampling (Random, Sample Size as per Table, Expand Sample if Necessary)
        ↓
Appearance/Labeling → Dimensions/Fit → Function/Performance → Packaging/Accompanying Documents
        ↓
Judgment ──Nonconforming──→ Isolate and Label Red → Issue Disposal Form → Rework/Repair/Sorting/Concession/Downgrade/Scrap → Re-inspection → Corrective Action Closure
        ↓ Conforming
Sign Product Release Form (Quality Manager or Authorized Person)
        ↓
Warehousing (Store by Status, FIFO) / Shipment (OQC Review, Complete Accompanying Documents)
        ↓
Sample Retention + Record Archiving + Monthly Report Statistics

4.12 Form References

5. Related Records

5.1 Final Product Inspection Record: Fields include inspection date, batch number, product name and model, order number, batch size, sampling plan (sample size/AQL), inspection items, specification requirements, actual measurement values and judgment, equipment and measuring tool numbers, number of nonconformities, batch judgment conclusion, inspector's signature, and quality manager's review. Example: 2026-09-14/Batch 260914-B/Controller Model 200 units/Order SO-26091/Batch size 180/Sample 32/AQL 0.65/Appearance and Power-on Function/No scratches, power-on normal, insulation resistance ≥ 100MΩ/Measured 350MΩ/0 nonconformities/Conforming/××/××.

5.2 Outgoing Inspection Record: Fields include shipment date, shipment order number, customer name, product model, shipment quantity, verification items (model, quantity, label, packaging, accompanying documents, batch number), sampling results, abnormal descriptions and handling, inspector, and warehousing department confirmation. Example: 2026-09-15/DN-260915-01/Customer/Controller Model 180 units/Label and packing list match, 8 boxes sampled, packaging intact/No abnormalities/—/××/××.

5.3 Product Release Form: Fields include batch number, product name and quantity, inspection completion status, nonconforming item closure status, customer special requirement satisfaction status, concession explanation (if applicable), release conclusion, and approver's signature and date. Example: Batch 260914-B/Controller Model 180 units/All inspection items completed/No unclosed items/Inspection report attached/Release approved/××/2026-09-14.

5.4 Nonconforming Product Disposal Form: Fields include discovery time and stage, batch and quantity, defect description and photo number, defect classification (critical/severe/minor), impact scope, preliminary cause analysis, disposal method, responsible department, approver, corrective action number, re-inspection conclusion, and closure date.

5.5 Sample Retention Ledger: Fields include sample number, product name and model, batch number, sample quantity, sample date, sample reason, storage period, storage location, usage and disposal records, and person in charge.

5.6 Inspection Report/Quality Certificate: Fields include report number, customer name, product name and model, batch number and quantity, inspection basis (standard and specification numbers), inspection items and results, conclusion, issuer, issue date, and inspection-specific seal.

5.7 Emergency Shipment Authorization Form: Fields include application date, customer name, product and batch, incomplete inspection items and reasons, customer opinion (contact person, date), commitment to complete missing inspections, quality manager's approval, shipment confirmation, and follow-up handling results if not completed on time.

6. Related Documents

6.1 Product Release Control Procedure (Document 21 of the package)

6.2 Production Process Control Procedure (Document 17 of the package)

6.3 Nonconforming Product Control Procedure (Document 22 of the package)

6.4 Nonconforming Product and Corrective Action Procedure (Document 27 of the package)

6.5 Identification and Traceability Control Procedure (Document 18 of the package)

6.6 Product Protection Control Procedure (Document 20 of the package)

6.7 Monitoring and Measurement Resources Control Procedure (Document 10 of the package)

6.8 Record Control Procedure (Document 4 of the package)

6.9 Product drawings, technical conditions, technical agreements, and customer acceptance specifications; GB/T 2828.1 Count Sampling Inspection Procedure

6.10 GB/T 19001—2016/ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System Requirements

Usage Instructions

1. How to Customize for Your Enterprise

1. Localization of Sampling Plans: The table in Section 4.3.1 provides a general benchmark. Companies should determine AQL values based on historical first-time pass rates, customer complaint data, and product risk: for mature and stable products, the AQL for minor defects can be maintained or slightly relaxed, but the acceptance number for critical and safety-related items should remain 0. If the customer contract specifies a sampling plan, use the customer's plan and reference it in the specification to avoid dual sampling rules on-site.

2. Adaptation of Inspection Items to Products: The five dimensions in Section 4.2.1 form the framework. For machining enterprises, focus on dimensional chains and fit items; for electronics, focus on electrical safety and aging tests; for food and cosmetics, focus on microbial, physicochemical, and label regulation verification; for software, focus on function path and version consistency verification. For items "fully assured by process," sampling can replace full inspection, but process capability data or control charts must support this and be documented in the specification.

3. Adaptation to Organizational and Positional Requirements: Small and medium-sized enterprises can combine FQC and OQC roles into a single team, but shipment verification should be conducted by different personnel to ensure mutual checks. For enterprises without an independent quality department, at least one release approver should be designated and authorized in writing. For multi-site enterprises, clearly define who conducts finished product inspections at each site, how records are aggregated, and whether release approval authority is delegated to avoid inspection gaps.

4. Integration with Existing Documents: Principles already specified in procedure documents (such as release responsibilities and status labeling rules) do not need to be repeated; referencing the document numbers is sufficient. If the company already has an "Inspection Procedure" or customer SIP, it can be attached to this work instruction to avoid conflicts. This work instruction, along with the "Incoming Quality Control Work Instruction" (Document 34 of the package) and the "Process Inspection Work Instruction" (Document 35 of the package), forms a three-stage inspection chain, and the requirements for nonconforming product handling and record filling should be consistent across all three.

2. Audit Focus Points

• Whether the inspection specifications are the current valid versions and consistent with drawings, technical agreements, and customer acceptance standards; whether there are version discrepancies in the specifications used on-site.
• Whether sampling is truly random and whether the sample size meets the table in the specification; whether there are instances of only sampling appearance items, only sampling self-inspected qualified items, or deliberately reducing the sample size.
• Whether records include actual measurement values and measuring tool numbers, and whether there are signs of batch filling at the same time.
• Whether the inspection methods for critical defects and safety items are consistent with the specifications and whether the acceptance number is truly 0.
• Whether the release signatory is the authorized person, whether the signing date is earlier than the actual shipment date, and whether there are instances of "ship first, sign later."
• Whether nonconforming batches are truly isolated, whether the disposal forms are closed, and whether re-inspection has a conclusion.
• Whether concessions have technical reviews, customer agreements, and approval records, and whether the concessioned products have labels and restricted expiration dates.
• Whether the sample quantity, retention period, and storage conditions comply with the document requirements, and whether the sample retention ledger matches the actual samples.
• Whether the batch numbers and data in the inspection reports required by customers match the original records (auditors often cross-verify).
• Whether the monthly reports on the first-time pass rate of finished products and the distribution of nonconformities truly reflect issues and are included in management review inputs.

3. Common Errors

1. Using Process Inspection Instead of Final Inspection: Assuming that since each process has been inspected, the final product only needs a stamp for release, resulting in assembly defects, packaging defects, and labeling errors being exposed at the customer end.
2. Formal Sampling Procedures Not Followed: Sample size is recorded as per the document, but in reality, only 1-2 units are inspected, or all samples are taken from the same box. Once the customer opens the box, batch nonconformities are discovered.
3. Recording Only Conclusions: Appearance items are uniformly recorded as "conforming" without actual measurement values, measuring tool numbers, or nonconforming classifications, making the inspection process non-reproducible.
4. Unauthorized Release Signatures: Inspectors approve releases on their own or unauthorized persons sign off, leading to audit findings of ineffective release control, a common source of major nonconformities.
5. Arbitrary Handling of Nonconforming Batches: Nonconforming batches are not isolated, and "picking a few good ones to ship first" is used to meet deadlines, causing nonconforming and conforming products to mix, and losing control of the traceability scope.
6. Reworked Products Not Re-inspected: Reworked and repaired products are directly warehoused based on rework records without re-executing final product inspection, introducing new defects beyond the original ones.
7. Blind Concessions: Concessions are made based on the assumption that "the customer won't notice," without technical review or customer agreement, leading to undefined responsibilities if customer complaints or safety incidents occur.
8. Omission of Packaging and Labeling Inspections: Only the product is inspected, not the packaging and labels, resulting in delivery nonconformities such as incorrect model labels, missing batch numbers, omitted warning phrases, and incorrect versions of accompanying documents.
9. Ineffective Sample Retention: Insufficient sample quantity, no labels, and poor storage conditions make it impossible to provide effective comparison samples in case of quality disputes, and to prove the product's condition at the time of release.
10. Data Not Closed-Loop: Monthly statistics of finished product inspections are conducted, but never linked with process inspections or supplier quality for analysis, leading to the same type of defects recurring in different batches.

Before products leave the factory, sampling must be random, measurements must be recorded, and signatures must be authorized.

Knowledge code: 2.3.1

Version: v20260809

Author: QTank QTank is dedicated to providing systematic knowledge, methodologies, and practical tools for quality management professionals to help enterprises continuously improve their quality capabilities.